A snake bite is scary. However, the majority of these bites are not venomous. The real danger often comes from the panic, which worsens the situation more than the bite itself. Staying calm is the first step towards survival.
In this article, we explain what to do, what to avoid, and how to react in the event of a snake bite.
Snake Bites: Rarely Fatal
Contrary to popular belief, most snakes are not dangerous to humans. And even when they are, nearly one in two bites is said to be dry: the snake does not inject venom. You then only feel a local pain, without major toxic effects.
The real risk? The infection. The fangs of snakes are not sterile, and the wound can become infected, causing bacterial cellulitis. This infection can spread and become serious, even fatal, if not treated quickly.
Two Types of Venoms: Hemotoxic and Neurotoxic
Venomous snakes use two types of toxins:
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Hemotoxins, such as those from vipers or rattlesnakes, attack red blood cells and prevent blood coagulation. This causes hemorrhages, tissue necrosis, and can damage internal organs.
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Neurotoxins, like those in cobras, act on the nervous system. They can cause muscle paralysis, preventing breathing and leading to asphyxiation.
Keep Calm: The Golden Rule
The most dangerous thing after a bite is to panic. Panic accelerates the heart rate and blood circulation, which promotes the rapid spread of venom in the body.
Breathe deeply and stay calm. This attitude can save your life.
What to Do in Case of a Bite?
If you are a witness or a victim of a bite, here are the right reflexes:
- Make sure that the area is secure (the snake is no longer a danger).
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Alert the emergency services as quickly as possible.
- Keep the bitten person at rest. No walking or unnecessary effort.
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Reassure the victim: bites are rarely fatal with prompt care.
- Apply a compressive bandage on the affected limb, without blocking it like a tourniquet.
- Immobilize the limb with a splint if you have one.
- Cover the person if they show signs of shock (shaking, paleness).
What Must Absolutely Be Avoided
In case of a bite, certain reflexes should be avoided, as they worsen the situation:
- Do not wash the wound: the doctors will need to identify the venom.
- Do not cut and never try to suck the venom with your mouth.
- No ice, no heat, no electric shock!
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Do not apply a tourniquet: it increases the risk of necrosis.
- No alcohol or aspirin: they thin the blood and increase the risk of hemorrhage.
Hospital Treatment: Priority to Diagnosis
Once at the hospital, the doctor will assess whether the bite is venomous and the depth of the wound. If the deep tissues or the joints are affected, further management will be necessary.
A tetanus booster is often administered, as this infection, although rare, remains potentially deadly. It is, however, easily preventable with a simple up-to-date vaccination.
Conclusion: A Good Reaction Can Change Everything
Most snake bites do not kill. But panic, the lack of appropriate care, or an inappropriate reaction can turn a minor accident into a life-threatening emergency.
Knowing the right gestures and keeping your cool maximizes your chances of getting out of it unscathed.
