In the great outdoors, a simple cut, scrape, or deep wound can quickly become a serious problem if not treated properly. Whether due to a fall, a sharp object, or an accidental injury, a wound exposes the body to infections, hemorrhages, and complications that can jeopardize an expedition or survival mission. Knowing how to identify the type of wound, stop the bleeding, disinfect, and protect the injury is essential to ensure quick healing and avoid the risks of worsening.
This article guides you through the essential first aid steps to effectively manage a wound in a wilderness environment.
Identify the Type of Wound: A Crucial Step
Superficial wounds, such as scrapes or minor cuts, are generally not serious but can become infected if not properly disinfected. A deep wound, on the other hand, can reach muscle tissues, cause bleeding, and require prompt medical attention.
Open wounds, such as lacerations or penetrating injuries caused by a sharp object, are particularly dangerous. An infected wound is characterized by increasing redness, excessive warmth around the injury, swelling, and sometimes pus.
Stop the Bleeding: React Immediately
An uncontrolled hemorrhage can endanger a life within minutes. The first step is to apply direct pressure on the wound with a clean cloth or sterile dressing to limit blood loss. If the bleeding is heavy, a compression bandage may be used to maintain pressure and promote clotting.
In the most severe cases, where an artery is affected and the bleeding does not stop despite pressure, the use of a tourniquet becomes necessary. It must be placed above the wound and tightly, but only as a last resort.
Disinfect and Protect the Wound to Prevent Infection
A poorly cleaned wound quickly becomes a breeding ground for infections, especially in the wild where bacteria are omnipresent. Clean water and soap remain the best allies for an initial rinse, followed by the application of an antiseptic such as chlorhexidine or betadine.
Once disinfected, the wound should be covered with a clean and dry dressing to prevent any further contamination. Regularly changing the dressing is essential to ensure optimal healing.
Severe Wounds and Stitches in the Wild
Some deep wounds require stitches, especially if the edges of the injury do not close naturally. In isolated settings, it is possible to use suture strips or a skin adhesive to temporarily close the wound.
If the wound is large or located in a flexion area such as the knee or the elbow, it is advisable to immobilize the affected limb to prevent the wound from reopening.
Sprains: Identify and React Immediately
In the great outdoors, a sprain can quickly compromise your mobility. It occurs when a ligament is stretched or torn. The signs are intense pain, a rapid swelling, and difficulty moving the joint.
It is essential to immobilize the affected area, to apply cold if possible, and to make a splint with branches or fabric. Avoid putting weight on the injured limb until safe evacuation.
Wound Prevention and Protection in Wilderness Settings
Avoiding an injury remains the best solution in isolated environments. Wearing durable clothing, gloves, and appropriate shoes reduces the risks of cuts and abrasions.
A first aid kit containing sterile compresses, antiseptic, adhesive bandages, and suturing materials is essential. It allows for an effective response in case of a serious injury.
Conclusion
Outdoor outings should never be taken lightly. A poorly treated cut can quickly become infected. Adopting the right actions from the very first minutes is essential: stop the bleeding, disinfect properly, and protect the wound.
The key to surviving in the wild is to practice prevention and always be prepared. Knowing how to manage an injury or a sprain, and having the right equipment, is essential for anyone outdoors.
