The human body operates within a narrow temperature range, between 36 and 37°C. An excessive rise in this temperature can quickly lead to serious health consequences. The brain is particularly sensitive to overheating, and heat-related complications can be life-threatening if not treated in time.
In this article, you will discover the 4 main heat-related disorders: dehydration, cramps, exhaustion, and heat stroke. Knowing how to recognize them and act quickly is crucial to preserving your health and that of your loved ones.
Dehydration: The loss of fluids not to be underestimated
Dehydration occurs when one loses more fluids than one absorbs. The blood volume decreases, which complicates the body's natural cooling. Although it is not immediately fatal, it can precede more serious conditions such as hyperthermia.
The signs are easy to recognize: pale and moist skin, rapid breathing, intense thirst, and general fatigue. The pinch test on the back of the hand can also confirm a loss of elasticity in the skin.
The treatment relies on complete rest in the shade, by removing unnecessary clothing. It is necessary to hydrate the victim in small frequent amounts, with cool water or electrolyte drinks.
Heat Cramps: Muscle Pain to Take Seriously
Cramps are caused by excessive loss of minerals and prolonged dehydration. They generally affect the limbs or the abdomen, causing painful spasms.
The affected person may exhibit clammy skin, excessive sweating, and nausea.
The main treatment is to stop immediately, rest in the shade, and gently stretch the affected muscle. Applying a ice pack (protected by a cloth) will relieve the pain. Avoid massaging the affected area and stop all physical effort.
Heat Exhaustion: A Fatigue That Becomes Dangerous
Heat exhaustion occurs after significant exertion in high temperatures. It is often underestimated, but can progress to a heat stroke if one does not react quickly.
Symptoms include extreme fatigue, headaches, dizziness, and sometimes vomiting. The skin is often cold, pale, and clammy, and breathing becomes rapid.
The treatment requires total rest, in the shade, with cooling of the victim using wet sponges. It is important to hydrate gently with water or electrolyte drinks, and to contact 1669 if the signs persist.
Heat Stroke: The Absolute Vital Emergency
Heat stroke is a critical situation, with a body temperature exceeding 40.6°C. The brain's thermoregulation system no longer functions, leading to severe damage or even coma.
The warning signs are: hot and dry skin, mental confusion, convulsions, and loss of consciousness. The victim may no longer sweat at all, which worsens the rise in temperature.
The urgency is to call 1669 immediately, move the victim to a cool place, remove their clothing, and actively cool them. Immersion in cold water is the most effective method if available. Otherwise, use ice packs on the neck, groin, and armpits, while ventilating vigorously.
Conclusion :
Heat-related disorders progress rapidly from a simple dehydration to a life-threatening emergency such as heat stroke. Early detection and first aid measures can make all the difference.
Stay vigilant, hydrate regularly, and protect yourself from extreme heat. Knowing how to react in these situations is an essential skill, whether in an urban environment or in the great outdoors.
