Extreme cold does not only affect comfort: it directly threatens your physical integrity. In hostile conditions, the human body must struggle to maintain a stable temperature and face several disorders.
Understanding the main medical dangers of cold allows for anticipation, prevention, and effective response to avoid serious consequences.
In this article, discover the 9 most common medical problems in icy environments and their survival solutions from survival.
1. Hypothermia
When the body temperature drops below 35 °C, the body enters hypothermia. This occurs after immersion or prolonged exposure to cold.
The first signs are uncontrollable shivering, lethargy, and then unconsciousness. Treatment consists of warming the torso and avoiding any rapid cooling.
2. Frostbite
The extremities (face, hands, feet) are vulnerable to frostbite. It can be superficial (white skin) or deep (hard tissues).
Warming must be done carefully, and never by rubbing. In cases of severe frostbite, do not attempt thawing without medical care.
3. Trench foot
This disorder occurs after prolonged exposure to moisture and cold, even without freezing.
The feet become numb, painful, and then swollen and bluish. Prevention relies on dry socks and good daily maintenance.
4. Dehydration
In cold weather, one sweats without realizing it, trapped under layers of clothing.
Urinating on the snow allows for verification: if the snow turns dark yellow, you must drink immediately. Dehydration is as common as in the desert.
5. Sunburn
Even at negative temperatures, the sun's glare on the snow burns the skin.
Sensitive areas like the lips, nostrils, and eyelids must be protected with sunscreen or an anti-UV balm.
6. Snow blindness
The sun reflected on the snow can cause a painful eye burn.
Symptoms include redness, tearing, and headache. You should wear sunglasses, or if not available, improvise an anti-glare mask with slits.
7. Cold diuresis
Cold increases the need to urinate, which raises the risk of dehydration.
It is therefore crucial to drink regularly, even without feeling thirsty.
8. Constipation
Poor hydration, a dry diet, cold, or voluntary retention of stools lead to frequent constipation.
Drink at least 4 to 5 liters per day, eat fruits if possible, and relieve yourself without delay.
9. Insect bites
Even in winter, some insects survive. The risk of infection is real if one scratches a bite.
Use a net, covering clothing, and insect repellent. Also, refer to chapter 9 for appropriate treatments.
Conclusion
Cold hides a multitude of medical traps. With good preparation and a precise knowledge of symptoms, you can avoid critical situations and continue to move forward safely.
