In winter conditions, the choice and construction of an appropriate shelter are crucial to preserve body heat and prevent hypothermia. The shelter serves as the main barrier against the elements: snow, wind, dry or humid cold.
In this article, discover 5 models of shelters suitable for extreme cold.
1. The snow pit
Dig a deep pit in a snowy area, then cover it with branches and snow.
It is a quick-to-build shelter that traps body heat and blocks the wind. Add conifer branches at the bottom for insulation.
2. The igloo
More complex, the igloo uses cut snow blocks stacked in a spiral.
It offers excellent insulation against dry cold, provided it has a low entrance, a waterproof dome, and a ventilation system.
3. The lean-to shelter
In the forest, build a shelter by leaning branches against a trunk or rocky wall.
Cover with leaves, moss, or snow to enhance insulation. A fire at the entrance improves comfort but requires good ventilation.
4. The hole under a tree
Under dense conifers, snow is often less abundant. Dig a sheltered hole, line it with foliage, and then insulate yourself with dry clothing.
This type of shelter is quick, discreet, but less effective against the wind.
5. The underground shelter under a tarp
With a tarp or emergency blanket, build a roof over a shallow trench.
Add insulating branches and snow on top. This type of shelter is useful in the absence of dense snow or rocks.
General tips for any cold weather shelter:
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Orient the entrance away from the wind
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Always insulate the ground first
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Provide an opening for air if the shelter is closed
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Keep your clothes dry and change wet socks
Conclusion
A good winter shelter can make the difference between life and death. Knowing several types of shelters, being able to adapt them to the terrain, and acting quickly is essential to survive in cold weather.
